Impact of physician empathy on patient outcomes: a gender analysis
Background
Empathy in primary care settings has been linked to improved health outcomes. However, the operationalisation of empathy differs between studies, and, to date, no study has concurrently compared affective, cognitive, and behavioural components of empathy regarding patient outcomes. Moreover, it is unclear how gender interacts with the studied dimensions.
Aim
To examine the relationship between several empathy dimensions and patient-reported satisfaction, consultation's quality, and patients' trust in their physicians, and to determine whether this relationship is moderated by a physician's gender.
Design and setting
Analysis of the empathy of 61 primary care physicians in relation to 244 patient experience questionnaires in the French-speaking region of Switzerland.
Method
Sixty-one physicians were video-recorded with two male and two female patients. Six different empathy measures were assessed: two self-reported measures, a facial recognition test, two external observational measures, and a Synchrony of Vocal Mean Fundamental Frequencies (SVMFF), measuring vocally coded emotional arousal. After the consultation, patients indicated their satisfaction with, trust in, and quality of the consultation.
Results
Female physicians self-rated their empathic concern higher than their male counterparts did, whereas male physicians were more vocally synchronised (in terms of frequencies of speech) to their patients. SVMFF was the only significant predictor of all patient outcomes. Verbal empathy statements were linked to higher satisfaction when the physician was male.
Conclusion
Gender differences were observed more often in self-reported measures of empathy than in external measures, indicating a probable social desirability bias. SVMFF significantly predicted all patient outcomes, and could be used as a cost-effective proxy for relational quality.
Br J Gen Pract . 2022 Jan 27;72(715):e99-e107. doi: 10.3399/BJGP.2021.0193. Print 2022 Feb.
Impact of physician empathy on patient outcomes: a gender analysis
Surchat C et al.